The Truman Doctrine :: American America History

The Truman teachingI believe that it must be the polity of the join States to support free people who are resisting attempted conquest by armed minorities or by outside pressure. (Harry Truman mach 1947). This is part of the speech Harry S. Truman gave to congress on the behalf of small countries falling to the pressures of communism. The Truman precept was a anti- communistic unknown policy that would change of the ground. bomb and Greece were under a great threat by the Soviet-supported rebels intoxicateking to topple the government and install communist power. This made the linked States and especially Truman very nervous. This is why the Marshall Plan which is one of the direct influence to the Doctrine was thought up. This plan was designed to befuddle aid to every european country damaged during WW2. It tremendously helped ravaged European nations such as Italy and France. By helping these countries the United States was economically forcing away(p) communism. This was the way the United States had it all planned out. We werent making the Communist very mad cause it was very indirect but later on this wouldnt be the case. The process by which the Truman Doctrine came about was a long and tedious one. After WW2 the US and Soviet Union were at the top of all world powers. Everything was pretty much than equal such as forces, economics, and nuclear power. The one thing that scared the US the most was the fact that the Soviets were greedy and wanted more and more land. This is where we began to see a huge threat to Greece, Turkey, and Iran. Because of all this on March 12, 1947 President Harry S. Truman gave a speech to congress that would later be call the Truman Doctrine. The Truman Doctrine would ask for a total of 400 million dollars for both Greece and Turkey (Freeland pg. 87). The money for Greece would be split between economic and military aid and for Turkey the aid was entirely for military purposes. The President had turned debate on two modest proposals into a vote of confidence on his administrations foreign policy and a test of American willingness to resist a threat defined to endanger the basic security and values of the American gild (Pemberton pg. 92). By Truman doing this it around put congress at a no win situation. Congress couldnt go against Truman cause this speech was nationally broadcast which would close the people would be scared.The Truman Doctrine American America HistoryThe Truman DoctrineI believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free people who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressure. (Harry Truman mach 1947). This is part of the speech Harry S. Truman gave to congress on the behalf of small countries falling to the pressures of communism. The Truman Doctrine was a anti-communist foreign policy that would change of the world. Turkey and Greece were under a great threat by the Soviet-supported rebels seeking to topple the government and install communist power. This made the United States and especially Truman very nervous. This is why the Marshall Plan which is one of the direct influence to the Doctrine was thought up. This plan was designed to give aid to any european country damaged during WW2. It tremendously helped ravaged European nations such as Italy and France. By helping these countries the United States was economically forcing away communism. This was the way the United States had it all planned out. We werent making the Communist very mad cause it was very indirect but later on this wouldnt be the case. The process by which the Truman Doctrine came about was a long and tedious one. After WW2 the US and Soviet Union were at the top of all world powers. Everything was pretty much equal such as military, economics, and nuclear power. The one thing that scared the US the most was the fact that the Soviets were greedy and wanted more and more land. This is where we began to see a huge threa t to Greece, Turkey, and Iran. Because of all this on March 12, 1947 President Harry S. Truman gave a speech to congress that would later be call the Truman Doctrine. The Truman Doctrine would ask for a total of 400 million dollars for both Greece and Turkey (Freeland pg. 87). The money for Greece would be split between economic and military aid and for Turkey the aid was entirely for military purposes. The President had turned debate on two modest proposals into a vote of confidence on his administrations foreign policy and a test of American willingness to resist a threat defined to endanger the basic security and values of the American society (Pemberton pg. 92). By Truman doing this it almost put congress at a no win situation. Congress couldnt go against Truman cause this speech was nationally broadcast which would mean the people would be scared.

Six-minute walk test Essays -- Health, Exercise

Six-minute walk testThere are many tools to assess functional exercise electrical condenser most of which provide good information about body system. The most popular clinical exercise tests are stair climbing, a 6MWT, a shuttle-walk test, detection of exercise-induced asthma, a cardiac stress test and a cardiopulmonary exercise test) (ATS, 2002). In the past, the functional exercise capacity was assessed by asking patients How many flights of stairs can you climb or how many blocks can you walk? but, this assessment was a subjective measurement. In addition, the first objective tool was in mid-sixties which was 12 minute walking test however, it was so exhausting for patients. As a result from that, a 6 minute walking test (6MWT) was strand to be used as an objective measurement tool for functional exercise capacity in patients with mild or moderate respiratory diseases and cardiac diseases (ATS, 2002). Many studies have concluded that 6MWT is inexpensive test and it is easy to administer, better tolerated, and more reflective of activities of daily living than the other walk tests (ATS, 2002). Therefore, this essay leave behind describe the 6MWT and comment on administration, application, reliability and validity based on the literature reviews. Chang (2006) mentioned that 6MWT measures the distance that patients can walk on a flat wax as fast as they can with stops needed by patients within 6 minute. In addition, 6 MWT can reflect the exercise direct needed for daily tasks. Morales-Blanhir, Vidal, Romero, Castro, Villegas, Zamboni (2010) showed that the major indications for 6MWT are to measure the response to the intervention given to the patients and it can be used for measuring the functional status of patients, as well as a predic... ...patients with Left Ventricular Dysfunction were involved in the study. 6MWT was one of the assessment tools and the authors have done the 6MWT in the beginning then they repeat it after 242 days. The authors h ave compared patients with high 6MWD with patients with lower 6MWD. As a result, they concluded that patients with lower 6MWD had a significantly greater chance of dying (Morales-Blanhir et al, 2010).The 6MWT is the topper indicator of existing types of walk tests of functional capacity for children and it can be used to evaluate cardiopulmonary disease. In 2005 a group of authors have examined 74 patients with a mean age of 14.2 1.2 years, and they concluded that 6MWT can be used to evaluate and assess pediatric patients with cardiac and lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis or bronchiolitis obliterans (Morales-Blanhir et al, 2010)..

Autism :: essays research papers

These kids are blessed with terrific good vistas--tall and straight, with big dark eyes, glossy hair and a movie staffs smile-but this wasnt what was play heads. Some of these kids were not puzzle outually walking towards the line at McDonalds almost were running and somehow skipping at the same time. And the kids were looking and smiling directly at everyone they passed with their fingers in their ears, their elbows flared out on either side. And, further baffling the bourgeoisie, they occasionally stopped and flapped their hands. I was all too aware of the faces of the people we passed. Some smiled, notwithstanding laughed appreciatively, at their obvious joy at McDonalds. Some nodded to me sadly and knowingly "Ah, I know how hard their lives are," they seemed to say. Some flinched in exaggerated horror as though from some ghastly space alien from Warner Brothers. Others were cool, spotted them far off and pretended not to see them when they passed. Still others were so used to such surpassing weirdness that our little show came nowhere near their threshold of surprise. One reaction, however, was more puzzling to me than all the others. I have come to conjecture of it as "The Look." The passerbys face becomes still and thoughtful. The eyes become narrow, like those of the cunning psychiatrist in an old movie when he asks a patient what the inkblots look like. A hand goes up to the lips and, shifting into field anthropologist mode, the eyewitness stops and stares and nods silently as though making a mental note to pull through this one down in the journal. Its a locked-on-target look. A piano falling onto the pavement nearby wouldnt jar the stunning logical processes at work. Having been upset by The Look about a thousand times, and being something of an amateur field anthropologist myself, I have often asked this question "Why do these people act this way?" The best answers that I have been able to come up with are these (a) They are heartless and rude and should be tortured in some hideous way for upsetting a really nice teacher.(b) They are ignorant and think that humans come in solidly "normal" and " abnormal" forms and have no doubt about what kind they themselves are. (c) They saw the movie "Rain Man" and are now experts on autism. (d) They are fearful and are trying to achieve distance from a scary sight by trying to regard it as a rare scientific phenomenon.

Computers in Film :: Computer Generated Images Animation CGI Cinema

Computer animation is the art of creating abject images via the use of the electronic computers. It is a subfield of computer graphics and animations (Computer Animation). It is created through the use of 2D and 3D computer graphics. This technique is becoming increasingly popular in the world of the film industry. Several animated features are now being created by the use of computers. especial(a) effects are being created by computers as well. Movie companies that are becoming famous for using computers are Pixar, Dream Works, Paramount Pictures, 20th blow Fox, Square Pictures and Walt Disney. Dream Works developed the computer animated movies, Antz, Shark Tale and Shrek (1 and 2). Paramount Pictures created, Jimmy Neutron Boy Genius, Square Pictures created, Final fantasise The Spirits Within, and Walt Disney created the recent animated feature, Dinosaur. The most inventive and successful company is by far Pixar with their creation of A Bugs sprightliness, Finding Nemo, Monsters Inc. and The Incredibles.(List of Computer-animated films) In computer animation an illusion of movement is created by an image being displayed on the computer assort which is wherefore quickly replaced by another image that is very similar but shifted slightly. One may wonder, how do these movies create images to look like smooth moving figures? The pictures must be drawn as 24 frames per second or faster. Some movies these days are putting 70 frames a second which makes it unfeasible for the eye or brain to process to notice the break between objects. Computer animation requires high frame rates to reinforce the realism of the picture. there is no jerkiness seen as the higher speeds due to persistence of vision (Computer Animation). Humans eyes and brains help out with computer animation, they automatically smooth out minor breaks because they store a picture for a fraction of a second and it creates the illusion of continuous movement. Af ter an image is sent to the screen to a back damp, a computer can draw the image and make any changes needed before it is complete. Once the image is correct the computer tells the screen to draw from the back buffer either by copying the image from the back buffer to the primary buffer or making the back buffer the new primary buffer.

Chromium :: essays research papers

One of the most controversial supplements on the market is chromium. In the body, its natural functions consist of potentiating the activity of insulin and influencing lipid and protein metabolism. It may also be involved in the formation of glycogen in muscle t emergence and facilitate the transport of amino acids to the muscles. Chromium can also incite cholesterol metabolism (Williams, 262). There are different claims to this minerals benefits, but the most common ones are muscle expression, and fat burning. Although it is a grown seller in the industry, does it really work?The main users of chromium at one point were body builders. chromium was marketed at first with the promise of building more muscle mass. Unfortunately, it failed to produce results as a muscle builder, and then was introduced as a fat burner. Those who were dieting and some long distance runners arouse in holding low weights began to use the supplement and still do today.Although it is advertised as a f at burner, an article in a 1995 issue of the Journal of Sports Medicine and Fitness described an experiment that proved otherwise. A double blind study was conducted among healthy Navy personnel (79 men, 16 women). Participants took one capsule of either chromium picolinate or a placebo per day during a 16-week experiment. Subjects met for a minimum of 3 measure/week for 30 minutes of aerobic exercise. The chromium group failed to show any greater reduction in body fat, or gains in muscle mass than that of the placebo group. Therefore, the results showed chromium supplements to be otiose in enhancing body fat reduction (Trent, Linda K., 273). Trents experiment was not the only one to prove Chromiums inadequacies. In 1993, Melissa A. trademark et al proved Chromium to be a useless supplement that was only excreted when ingested in excess. In Hallmarks experiment, sixteen untrained males (23 long time old +/- 4) were studied to examine the effects of Chromium supplementation when used during a 12-week training schedule of resistance exercise. The men trained 3 times/week and food records were kept. The results showed that there was no significant difference in muscle gain or weight issue between the placebo group and those who ingested chromium with their diets other than the amount of Chromium excreted. Lacking results have proven chromium as a fat burner to be yet another wait loss quackeryDr. John Vincent at the University of Alabama at Tuscaloosa has also proven that chromium supplements such as chromium picolinate may even cause cancer.

Pressure Ulcer Care Essay

The aetiology of wedge ulcerations is in some parts insubstantial delinquent to the numerous influences that apply to the formation of a pressure ulcer. There are, none the less, a diverse array of contributing factors that have been proven to impair the organize of the skin and disrupt the healing processes, for example heart complications, lack of mobility, nutrition, sensory loss, temperature and age effecting the skins texture and strength. The most significant rationale behind the choice of clinical skill is to assist in the advancement of knowledge base, as Ali & Atkin (2004, p. 03) accurately specify, we need to affair our increasing knowledge base to transform avail provision and provide better primary anxiety. As health professionals it needs to be realised that we are a vital link between patients and other specialised health care services, Morison (2001, p. 4) points out the importance of, health care professionals as patient advocates in relation to tissue viabi lity services, if we do not make it our duty to be knowledgeable of what options our patients have it is impossible to administer care holistically as if our duty as a health care professional.In recent studies it has shown that pressure ulcers are most prominent with surgical patients, research has also shown that the surgical patient amazes a pressure ulcer 8 times more than the non surgical patient (Pulskamp, 2007). Interestingly it shows that not only are pressure ulcers observed in older patients but just as often in the younger ago groups, with an increase in occurrence in those who receive neck and head surgeries (Bader et al, 2005), In a study is it is shown that interlingual rendition to the operating table diminished sharply the incidence of pressure ulcer development.Bader et al found that often Pressure ulcers are observed after 2 weeks of being admitted, this then contradicts the theory that pressure ulcers are caused by inadequate nursing care, this then can only sug gest that pressure ulcers develop during an operation, during periods of treatment or during investigations, for example X-ray departments where the mattresses are not adapted to the variety of different patients with a different variety of problems.To reduce occurrence and run a risk there must be put in place preventative measures in terms of risk judgments but as Pulskamp (2007) points out, There is no pass tool to predict risk of pressure ulcers in the surgical patient. There are numerous pressure ulcer risk assessment tools in use, yet none being significantly more preferred than others and each with particular strengths and weaknesses.In 2003 the National Institution for Clinical Excellence produced the guidelines, pressure ulcer risk assessment and prevention, including the use of pressure relieving devices (beds, mattresses and overlays) for the prevention of pressure ulcers in primary and secondary care. They suggest that in rewrite to maximise the dominance of the gui delines, they should be enhanced by implementing them in working partnerships such as tissue viability teams. The aim of the guidelines, as LittleJohns & Rawlins (2005, p. 9) highlight, are to inform clinical coiffe and to direct clinical decision making in order to improve patient outcomes with regard to pressure ulcer prevention and management. To encourage the use of this guideline the National Institution of Clinical Excellence suggest, incorporating guidance into continuing professional development programmes (in order to) further encourage its use in clinical practice (LittleJohns & Rawlins, 2005, p. 100). After initial writ of execution an audit was arried out which highlighted significant pitfalls in implementation of the guidelines in clinical practice, for example being ineffectual to record timings or risk assessments, repositioning charts not being used and seating assessments n out being carried out, this highlights the need for flexibility in hereafter risk as sessments as clinical issues often arise and cannot be avoided in the busy schedules of health care professionals and can often become barriers to the effective implementation there for making the correct use of the guidelines impossible risks unattended concerning the patients.They also voice the fear that the guidelines are simplifying clinical decision making and urge professionals to sorb any particular recommendations in light of such issues as available resources, local policies, patient circumstance and updates research findings.The European Pressure Ulcer consultive Panel quick reference guidelines on prevention for developing pressure ulcers (2009) have a in depth and diverse approach on the assessment of pressure sores and contributing factors, their guidelines investigate not only the treatment of pressure ulcers but use of pressure ulcer prevention devices and wound management with a grading system to reflect the severity of the sore.The advisory panel suggests that, p ressure ulcers need to be assessed in the context of the patients overall condition, they also signalize nutrition, pain and psychosocial factors as potential areas of complication, looking into the localization, grade, size, wound bed, exudates, pain and status of the surrounding skin (Dealey, 2005, p. 138).One of the pitfalls of this particular assessment strategies is the actual analysis of the pressure ulcer itself, one must have gained adequate back ground knowledge and experience on the analysis of a sore and the most capable wound management product (for example dressings or antibiotics if the wound appears infected) to truly be able to grade it, Dealey (2005, p. 142) herself discusses, accurate assessment is necessary in order to select a suitable wound management product.

A Wilderness Station Essay

In A Wilderness Station the character of Annie Herron is presented through a serial publication of letters and memoirs. These documents tell us some of the events surrounding the death of her husband, Simon. These letters and memoirs are written by diverse people in Annies life, such(prenominal) as George Herron (Simons brother), Reverend McBain, James Mullen, Christena Mullen and by Annie herself. In a memoir published in the Carstairs Argus newspaper Fiftieth Anniversary Edition, George Herron wrote his interlingual rendition of the circumstances of his arrival to Carstairs and he also gives his version surrounding the accidental death of his brother. Annie, on the other hand, gives conflicting stories of the day her husband died. She tells two different versions of what occurred on the day her husband died. She tells Mr. Mullen that she killed her husband when she first arrives at the Gaol and then tells her friend Sadie Johnstone in a letter that her brother-in-law killed Sim on. Given these conflicting stories we are unable to determine what really happened to Simon Herron.In Georges memoir we get the impression that George didnt really want to go to Carstairs with Simon. after the death of their parents, George went to prevail with a schoolteacher and his wife where he had a very happy home. Simon, was not so lucky, he lived with his mothers cousin Archie Frame and was never sent to school. Simons upbringing was not as comfortable as Georges, so when he was nineteen, he and George left Halton and went towards Huron and Bruce to find their fortune.Soon after the leave Halton, Simon marries Annie and a few months later he is killed in what seems like an accident. According to George, in April of 1852, he and his brother were chopping down trees on the far corner of their property when a branch mysteriously falls and his Simon on the back of the head, killing him instantly. George then drags his brothers body towards the house. Since there was a really b ad storm passing, he and Annie are unable to call the Reverend to give Simon proper funeral, the pair bury him near the house. Soon after, George leaves the shanty and he eventually marries his dwells daughter, Jenny Treece.Five months later Annie leaves the shanty and heads towards Walley Gaol. In a letter responding to Reverend McBains initial letter, James Mullen reportsto him that Annie Herron had indeed arrived at the Gaol. He writes that her story all accords pretty well with what you told me. Events in her account begin to differ only with her husbands death(200). In her first version, she claims that she picked up a controversy and threw it at him (Simon), hitting him on the head(200) ultimately killing him. When Mr. Mullen disputed her story she changed it, saying that she did not throw a rock that picked up a large rock smashing it down on his head. Mr. Mullen decided to admit her to the Gaol pending her getting charged with insanity.After trying to write to her friend Sadie Johnstone some(prenominal) times, Annie sews a lowest letter in a curtain, posted to find Sadie in Toronto. In this letter Annie gives a different account of the death of her husband. Again the story is similar to that of Georges except for the way Simon is killed. According to Annie, she says that George told her the story of the branch falling and hitting Simon, but notices when she is cleaning his body where the axe had cut(209). She goes on to tell her about how they buried him and about the dreams she had of Simon or George chasing her with an axe.The facts in the story are distorted several times and we are not really sure how Simon is killed. It is difficult to believe Annie because she doesnt seem stable and has changed her story several times after her arrival at the Gaol. It is much easier to believe George Herron, because his state of mind was never in question and after all, his entire memoir was published in a newspaper. The final letter that Annie writes to Sa die makes me believe that this is the true account of Simons death. Annie has no reason to lie to Sadie because she probably fells that Sadie will never actually receive the letter, making her spirit safe in revealing the truth.

Health Benefits of Namaz or Salah.

Namaz The Best Exercise (STD V, VI, VII, and VIII) What is Namaz? Namaz is the Urdu word for Prayer. The Arabic word for Prayer is Salah. Namaz is the form of Worship of Allah S. W. T performed by Muslims. Namaz is star of the approximately important of the 5 pillars of Islam. Allah S. W. T has mentioned the benefits and the importance of Namaz as many as 500 times in the Holy Quran. Apart from the spiritual benefits that Namaz offers to Muslim worshippers, it is as well one of the best forms of exercise that one can do on a regular basis.Namaz has been made compulsory for Muslims 5 times daily the cardinal times are Fajr Early morning just before sunrise. It consists of 4 Rakats. Zuhar Afternoon paryers post the period of Zawaal (when sun is perpendicular to earth). It consists of 12 Rakats. Asar Post good afternoon and before Sunset. It consists of 8 Rakats. Maghrib Just after Sunset. It consists of 7 Rakats. Isha Late evening after the Sunset is complete and darkness of the ni ght is complete and the cooling consequence of the atmosphere begins.It consists of 17 Rakats A Rakat is one complete cycle of Standing, Bending, Prostrations and subsequent Sitting or Standing up again in the Namaz. Each carriage of the Namaz has a standard defined procedure and recitations that are observed by every Muslim irrespective of where he lives or what race he belongs to. Muslims occur the methods as taught to us by Prophet Muhammad (Sallallahu-Alaihi-Wasallam). Praying Namaz requires one to be clean in all respects, be its the physical self, the surroundings or the intent.No matter how hard a person prays or for how long he lies in prostration (Sajda), unless his intention are clean and motives selfless, the Namaz will non be accepted by Allah. It is required that a person ensures the surrounding is clean and free from sins where he intends to offer Namaz. The Prophet (Sallallahu-Alaihi-Wasallam) advised that except for the washroom or where one relieves himself and the graveyard, Allah has made the whole world as a go down of worship for his believers.Namaz makes us disciplined and brings feeling of regularity and gives a direction to our daily life, 5 times a day, if we make it a routine to get up on hearing the Azaan, do the Wuzu (ablutions) and head for prayers, either in a congregation or alone, we feel a sense of season Management in our daily chores. Interestingly there are various similarities between some of the postures of Namaz and Yoga directly let us try out some beneficial effects of different Namaz postures. Different Namaz behaves And Their Benefits Posture 1 ca-ca Niyyat (Takbeer-e-Tahreema) First Takbeer in standing sight to begin prayer InstructionsBring work force, palms open, up to ears, and place thumbs behind earlobes, as Allahu Akbar (God is Great) is uttered. unspoiled make It relaxes our body, straightening back improves posture and improves concentration. It also sharpens our vision by focusing on the floor . Posture 2 expose Quayam Instructions After you have touched your earlobes and said Takbeer bring buck your hand and place your hands beneath the navel In this posture your sight should be fixed where you are going to perform Sajdah (Prostration), Place mighty wrist over the left, interlace your left wrist with the thumb and the little finger.Rest the remaining fingers on the left forearm Make sure your hands are tied below the navel, dependable effects It relaxes legs and back and extends concentration. It stimulates heart, thyroid and other important function of our body. Posture 3 Name Ruku (pronounced Rukoo) Instructions Bend down at waist, placing palms of hands with fingers spread over knees. Back is parallel to ground, such that if a glass of water were on the back, it would not spill. Eyes looking down, directly ahead. Beneficial Effects Blood is pumped down into upper physical structure as our muscles are stretched it also tones our muscles.This posture improves p ersonality, generating sweet kindness and inner harmony. Posture 4 Name Qauma Instructions Stand straight again with you hands by your sides Beneficial Effects It relaxes body and releases tension. Posture 5 Name Sajdah Instructions Go down to a kneeling position by placing both hands on knees, get down oneself slowly and easily onto knees, then touch the head upon the ground so that the following seven body parts are in contact forehead, deuce palms, two knees, toes of both feet. The end position of this posture is given below. Beneficial EffectsIt prevents growth of flabbiness in the mid section and increase flux of blood in the head, including eyes, ears, nose and lungs allows mental toxins to be cleansed by blood. It increases ginger nut of joints. Posture 6 Name Jalsa Instructions Sit on your left foot which should be flat the ground, keep your right foot upright with toes faceing the Qiblah and place your hands near the knees in a manner that the fingers face the Qiblah Ben eficial Effects It cleanses respiratory, circulatory and nervous system and brings lightness in body and stirred up happiness. Posture 7 Name Second SajdahInstructions Go down to a kneeling position by placing both hands on knees, lowering oneself slowly and easily onto knees, then touch the head upon the ground so that the following seven body parts are in contact forehead, two palms, two knees, toes of both feet. The end position of this posture is given below. Beneficial Effects It prevents growth of flabbiness in the mid section and increase flow of blood in the head which allows mental toxin to be cleansed by the blood. It increases elasticity of joints. Posture 8 Name Quood (Qadah-e-Akhira) Last sitting Completing the SalatBeneficial Effects It detoxifies liver and stimulates action of large intestine. It improves digestion. Posture 9 Namesalaam Saying peace to end the Namaz Instructions Turn your head to the right shoulder and say Salam, then turn your head to the left and s ay Salaam Beneficial Effects It is one of the best neck exercises. http//www. janathimessage. co. uk/kids/learning/namaz. hypertext mark-up language www. chishti. org Namaz The Best Exercise (STD I, II, III, and IV) Muslims pray five times a day, which each prayer made of a series of postures and movements, each set of which is called a rakah.For praying Namaz we should not only keep ourselves clean but our surroundings and the place of worship should also be clean. Namaz teaches us to be disciplined and understand the importance of Time Management. It is the perfect combination of Ablution (Wudu) and Namaz that keeps our soul and body clean and healthy. Interestingly there are various similarities between some of the postures of Namaz and Yoga Now let us see some beneficial effects of different Namaz postures. Posture 1 Name Niyyat (Takbeer-e-Tahreema) Beneficial Effects It relaxes our body, straightening back.It also sharpens our vision by focusing on the floor. Posture 2 Name Qu ayam Beneficial Effects It relaxes legs and back and extends concentration. Posture 3 Name Ruku (pronounced Rukoo) Beneficial Effects Blood is pumped down into upper torso as our muscles are stretched it also tones our muscles. This posture improves personality, generating sweet kindness and inner harmony. Posture 4 Name Qauma Beneficial Effects It relaxes body and releases tension. Posture 5 Name Sajdah Beneficial Effects It increase flow of blood in the head, including eyes, ears, nose and lungs allows mental toxins to be cleansed by blood.It increases elasticity of joints. Posture 6 Name Jalsa Beneficial Effects It cleanses respiratory, circulatory and nervous system and brings lightness in body and emotional happiness. Posture 7 Name Second Sajdah Beneficial Effects Knees forming a right angle allow stomach muscles to be developed. Posture 8 Name Quood (Qadah-e-Akhira) Beneficial Effects It improves digestion. Posture 9 NameSalaam Saying peace to end the Namaz Beneficial Effects It is one of the best neck exercises. http//www. janathimessage. co. uk/kids/learning/namaz. html www. chishti. org

To Kill a Mocking Bird Character Analysis

To Kill a Mockingbird, Arthur Raddled is thought to be a cruel and sinister person in reality, he is actually a very kind and generous person. His kindness is evident during the fire at Miss Muddies home. Boo Raddled. You were so busy looking at the fire you didnt know it when he put the blanket around you. (Attics 96). This dialogue shows that Arthur Raddled is actually a very kind, caring person he realized hat Scout was cold and he put his own blanket around her to keep her warm.He generously gave Scout the blanket, versed she was cold and showing sympathy for Scout, who has even mocked Boo with Gem. This generous nature Arthur Ready Dollops Raymond is also another person who appears to be drunk and is disliked by the community, although in reality all he is drinking from his sack is coca-cola he is actually a very gentle person, which is evident when he tells Scout, l puree to give me a reason, you see?Dollops Raymond realizes that the community dislikes and shuns mixed race families, so he fakes being drunk to give Macomb a reason for him marrying a menacingened woman. He realizes that people would be more uncomfortable around him if they thought he was a N-lover, and instead makes them believe he Is married too black woman because he Is drunk. His reason for drinking shows that he is gentle with the public, so they arent as uncomfortable with his family as they would be if he wasnt drinking.

Environmental acoustics Essay

The research from various part of the world has been able to reveal that approximately 80 million pack are exposed to unacceptable mellow preventative levels particularly, the noise emitted from passageway/tyre. Thus, noise sources that affect people is mostly from road art noise, which is by far the most pervasive. In UK for example, over 90% of the population hear traffic noise directly from home while 10% consider noise highly annoying. Thus to reduce the annoying traffic noise, it is mandatory to consider the method of reducingthe sources of noise by improving the tyres and road surfaces. While various measures nurture been adopted in reducing the propagation of noise in the sensitive areas, all of these measures have been note to play a vital part in achieving an acceptable acoustical environment for people living near to roads. Although, in the attempt to control noise on the road surface, there is need to study the noise generated by the tyre/road interaction. Most rese arches conducted have been revealed that Tyre/road surface interaction noise tends to dominate at moderate and high road speeds.Thus, to control the vehicles noise, there have been various encouragements to encourage innovation and to reflect the improvements made in vehicle design. However, the progress has been quite slower concerning the tyre noise, thus it was only in new-fangled time that there that control for tyre noise has been introduced in the EU Directive of 2001/43/EC. The directive has established a canvass method for the instance approval of tyres with respect to noise emissions and limit values for different types of tyre.Thus, to measure the road/tyre noise emission, this paper will focus on the noise emitted from different types on different road surface. The first part of the paper will focus on the introduction. Moreover, the methodology used in carrying out the test of tyre/road noise emission will be extensively analysed in this paper. Furthermore, the result of the test will also be made getable in the research paper. Finally, conclusion and recommendation for the effective methods of reducing the noise pollution from the tyre/road surface will be focused. ( Environmental research 2004)

Organisations External Relationships And Its Internal Capabilities Commerce Essay

Schemes be formulated and driven by senior direction to whom we expect to put strategical way. Such projects are so adopted by colligates in order to enable them to accomplish their line of work aims. By facial expression at the external and sexual capablenesss of the concern a brisk degree of sustainability have to be considered and businesses are implanting sustainability to their schemes. ( Mertins 2012 ) We testament research concerns schemes like Porter s ( 1985 ) generic competitory schemes which translate a sustainable industry. Barney s ( 1980 ) imaginativeness base position looks how this has amend the concerns sustainability. I will be using this theory to existent life administrations looking at Physical Human Technological and Organisational facet of the concern. Fin wholey I will research the external parts of the administration with this theory and take careing what is rich rare and what compensate outs them Imperfectly Imitable ( Barney 1980 ) as a concern. Business Strategies that I will analyze are Cost leading ( Porter, 1985 ) and Differentiation ( Bowman and Faulkner, 1996 ) . Therefore integrate Cost Leadership and short letter and explicating how this affects the internal capablenesss and external relationships within an administration. Following on from this I will look at Corporate Social accountability ( CSR ) is a concern scheme which involves the full concern, whereas the Porter ( 1985 ) and Bowman and Faulkner ( 1996 ) concern scheme which merely involves a subdivision of a concern. I have selected Microsoft as a taking illustration of Carroll ( 1991 ) theory on the the pyramid of integrated societal duty, analyzing how they have succeeded by carry throughing the four degrees of the pyramid utilizing this scheme. I will look how CSR affects Triple Bottom Line ( Elkington 2004 ) and the external relationships and the internal capablenesss of Microsoft.Other schemes concerns can take over are differentiation by trade name distinction by design distinction by positioning distinction by engineering and eventually distinction by invention ( Baroto, 2012 ) . I will concenter on orchard apple tree s concern scheme to put themselves apart from early(a) rivals through engineering. Furthermore Apple scheme to distinguish themselves you can designer that they are concentrating on Luxury good commercialize section and peculiar types of audience. Apple created a new selling niche by puting capital in research, which allowed them to utilise a alone engineering advantage against rivals which is sustainable for the hereafter. Firstly internal capablenesss have improved and the technological progresss have meant that Apple is able to hold an automated production line to get around efficiency, which so improves the overall quality of the merchandise. However the upfront apostrophize in execution is super high and the cost of puting quality control can be clip devouring. This could impact t he internal and external relationships with Apple employees and providers as the production is chiefly automated this representation that attention costs will be reduced and could ensue in occupation cuts for the concerns. One of Apples Core competences is the alone engineering that they adapt to their merchandises this competency is good defend by patents which stop rivals utilizing the engineering that Apple has.Apple does take a cost leading ( Porter 1985 ) attack. Buyer Power ( Porter s atomic number 23 Forces 1985 ) there is merely two different providers of memory french friess and the microprocessors and OS french friess nevertheless for keyboards disc drivers there are many different providers this means that providers will better the quality of their merchandises and lower their monetary values for Apple hence go forthing the provider in a low provider place. By maintaining the providers cost down through Buyer power this means that Net income borders are maximised doi ng Apple providers sustainable for the hereafter.Second the environment is a immense turn set uping Apple externally and focused on happening energy that is renewable. Apple is continually working towards the end of accomplishing net zero energy plans for our corporate installations worldwide . ( Apple Environment Report 2012 ) Apple is besides working with the authorities to run into environment marks bettering their External relationships. Apple has a aim that all supplier s have to be environmentally friendly when bring forthing inbred stuffs. Apple utilises purchaser power ( Porter, 1985 ) to guarantee that their providers are utilizing eco-friendly treat processs and in the transit of the merchandises to Apple. The provider adheres to petitions by Apple as they are major client.I am now traveling to use Barney s ( 1980 ) resource based position to look further in the internal and external facets of the concern. Apple is really financially stable and booming in their curren t merchandise as net incomes twelvemonth in and twelvemonth out seem to increase. Apple is world-wide company and has mills that are based in Asia the donees of this is are work out cheaper to transport the goods so base the mill in USA due to chiefly of revenue enhancement rates and labor costs are higher in USA than Asia. Apple s human resource was Steve Jobs who innovated many of Apples finest thought s and made Apple successful. Steve Jobs was a inworthful electropositive to the concern. Furthermore Steve Jobs thoughts boasted the Technological facets of the concern with new technological thoughts in their merchandises which helped them distinguish themselves against their rivals both in bend helped the internal capablenesss of the concern. Apple s most valuable plus is the iconic engineering which they possess and they protect their promotions against their competition through patents. These engineerings allowed them to implement their scheme which is to stand out in the lu xury good market and making a new selling niche which helps them stand out against their rivals. By standing out it brings high returns to their stockholders bettering the external relationships and Apple has done this through engineering promotion doing this rare ( Barney 1980 ) facet of the concern. Branding of Apple is alone as they still see themselves as frontier in the engineering industry. Apple brands themselves as a luxury good this is apparent when recession occurred in 2008 and they did nt drop the monetary values as a consequence they would bare the disadvantage nevertheless this did nt impact their trade name image. I would see Apple s trade name image to be amiss imitable which makes Apple sustainable for the hereafter.Corporate Social Responsibility ( CSR ) scheme like Carroll ( 1991 ) identifies the pyramid of corporate societal duty . There are 4 different degrees which a concern should travel through to go a successful company. Microsoft is an illustration of a c ompany that has completed the four degrees of pyramids of societal duty. Economic duty to extent stockholders should see a return on their investing like providers clients and employees. Carroll ( 1991 ) believes that this is required in order to do a concern a success on the other manus we have the Friedman s attack which some companies take as the neoclassical attack The concern of concern is concern ( Friendman YEAR ) and would merely make any degrees of the Carroll s ( 1991 ) Pyramid if it was to increase the company value with that peculiar company. Elkington ( 2004 ) theory on Triple Bottom Line on sustainability an facet beingness Economic growing which Microsoft has to see. Microsoft with the new invention of Windows 8 has improved the external facet of the concern and helps excite economic growing more significantly this new invention has helped Microsoft internally as investors are more likely to put because of the possible output in market portion. This is good hazard direction in that they have lowered hazards for investors and will hopefully convey value for stockholders. Rubenstein stated ( 1994 ) If your rate of invention likely to be competitory in the longer endpoint in short Are your net income borders sustainable for Microsoft to be successful they will hold adopt new wider constructs like Social capital and natural capital to turn as a concern.Microsoft does so when they create successful merchandises and dainty employees reasonably.The get marrieding degree in the pyramid is known as sound duty where they take note and accept the different Torahs around the universe. Microsoft is a great illustration as a planetary house they have to consider the different degrees of rewards in different states every bit good as the jurisprudence and statute law in different states. Microsoft are expected to follow jurisprudence and statute law about maintaining environment clean with Elkington ( 2004 ) theory about Triple Bottom Line it looks how Environment stewardship of a concern and how this contributes to sustainability for the hereafter. Microsoft has addicted clients information of what makers do when clients want to trash their old laptop and what schemes the maker offers. Furthermore Microsoft has updates Windows 7 so that it designed to cut down power inspiration which in bend improves the environment. Environment is a turning external factor that administrations have to see with judicial proceeding and ordinances.( Microsoft hypertext transfer protocol //www.microsoft.com/environment/ )The tertiary degree to this pyramid is being respectablely responsible significance that beyond the jurisprudence it should be expected by a concern. ( Carroll, 1991 ) By being an honourable concern this enables Microsoft to hold repeated gross revenues from their clients. Branding is another manner in which Microsoft usage and trade name themselves as Socially Responsible or an ethical concern and derive good public dealing ss which could take to increased gross revenues and increased net incomes. Mintel ( 1994 ) demonstrates that clients are willing to pay more for ethical merchandises. Wilson ( 1997 ) says even during the recession there are clients who seek goods and services which have both been environmentally friendly and have been produced ethically. This demonstrates that clients who know that the point has been branded ethically that they are more likely to buy the merchandise which Microsoft adopts within their policies.Finally the concluding degree of the pyramid is Philanthropy duty. Carroll ( 1991 ) deems this to be desirable which frequently leads to better quality of life of employees, it besides includes contribution such as charities and instruction causes. Microsoft laminitis Bill Gates has set up a foundation for kindly causes The returns of one have been used to help Ghanaian farming engineering in order to do a sustainable resource. ( Greene, 2009 ) Microsoft has fulfilled the Carroll ( 1991 ) Pyramid which scheme has been successful for Microsoft.Elkington ( 2004 ) in common chord bottom line negotiations about the Social advancement of a company Microsoft has demonstrated that they are invariably working with the great unwashed an illustration of this Bill Gates did take clip to make Philanthropic activities to better quality life and to give more chances to employees.Last I am traveling to reflect on Corporate Social Responsibility scheme where the whole concern is driven to success the generic schemes that a concern could set about are cost leading and distinction where they focus on a concern section like production and doing their concern a success. In decision a concern should concentrate on a section of their company or concentrating on the whole concern to do the concern a success. From the Porter ( 1995 ) generic schemes I have found that a concern that has adopted any of the schemes have been successful provided the scheme has been implemente d right which all these concern illustrations did. It is of import for a concern to do a pick between the cost leading scheme distinction or scheme as a concern that is stuck in the center is normally unsuccessful. ( Baroto, 2012 ) The resource base position ( Barney 1980 ) looks at a concern external and internal facets of the concern and to follow on Apple is truly is successful as resource based position has revealed that Apple has some rare and Imperfectly imitable which allows them to be successful and sustainable. Elkington ( 2004 ) theories incorporates ternary bottom line to place facets of the concern. I have to reason that utilizing this on Microsoft has brought out some cardinal external relationships and internal capablenesss more significantly shows that Microsoft is highly sustainable and therefore why Microsoft has been a successful concern because their high sustainability. Using the CSR scheme can do a concern successful by utilizing the whole concern to accompli sh their concern purposes which in bend improves the internal and external capablenesss of the company. Carroll s ( 1991 ) attack states that the Pyramid of societal duty means a concern should take for Philanthropy duty as it is deemed to be desirable nevertheless some concerns will take the Friedman attack the concern of concern is concern REFERENCE and a concern would merely pattern philanthropic gift duty if it were to better their net incomes. All of these schemes have their advantages and disadvantages and all have improved facets of internal and externals relationships of a concern.

Music Baritone Sax

The History of the baritone saxophoneophone was very interesting to research giving that I have played this beautiful instrument for 4 years. determination a little more than about the history of this beautiful instrument was a very interesting time. The baritone saxophone features a low pitch. It is a single reed instrument that is made from brass and has a tapered conical bore. Despite the baritones low pitch, its music is written in treble clef preferably of bass clef. In modern music, the baritone saxophone is usually the largest sax featured in contemporary ensembles alongside its more common cousins, the alto and the variant saxophone.The saxophone was invented in 1841 by Belgian manufacturer and instrument maker Adolphe Sax. His intent was to create a new instrument that would fill the gap betwixt the loud woodwinds and the brass instruments. In 1844, Sax introduced his saxophone to the public during the Paris Industrial Exhibition. In February of that year, Berlioz condu cted a concert that performed his choral work, Chant Sacre, which featured segments that include the new saxophone. Near the end of 1844, the saxophone enjoyed a successful orchestra debut in Georges Kastners opera Last King of Juda at the Paris Conservatory.Adolphe Sax obtained his genuine patents in 1846 for the baritone variation of the saxophone along with thirteen of its cousins, including the tenor, bass, alto, contrabass and sopranino saxophones. The following year, the first saxophone school was opened at the Gymnase Musical, a military band school. Ten years later, Adolphe Sax wanted to share his love and knowledge of music, so he took on a professorship at the Paris Conservatory. Also, in 1866, Saxs patents expired, leaving the way open for the Millereau Co. o obtain patents for their own variation of the saxophone that featured a forked F corking key. In 1881, Adolphe Sax extended his patent for the baritone sax and other variations, and made changes to the design of th e instruments. In response to its growing popularity, Gus Buesher was the first mortal in the United States to build a saxophone in 1885. Over the next few years, the baritone and other variations underwent more design changes, such as the addition of the right hand C trill key and the invention of the single octave key.Adolphe Sax died in 1894, but his legacy lived on when his son, Adolphe Edouard, continued his lifes work. During the 1900s, the baritone saxophone enjoyed increasing popularity, and was incorporated into Jazz bands and other musical formats. It was also used in classical compositions, but rarely for orchestral music. Notable orchestral exceptions include Richard Strausss Symphonia Domestica of 1903 and Charles Ivess Symphony no. 4, composed from 1910 through 1916. Famous musicians who played the baritone sax include Harry Carney, Pepper Adams, Valentin Alvarez, Bruce Kapler, Lou Marini and LeRoi Moore. In conclusion the Baritone Sax is a beautiful instrument that should be appreciated. Giving such a beautiful tone. By far the baritone sax is my favourite saxophone giving it shape, color, quality of tone and pitch, and allowing a player to have the control to play with dynamics. I hope you have learned alittle more about my instrument thank you.

Safety Regulations in the Petroleum Industry

It is common knowledge that anoint and rock oil foul up (LPG) ar bang-up sources of energy. Imagine that crude did non exist. This simply means that all the technology that has been developed around crude leave behind non be there. To say the least, development in the energy sector has been greatly enabled by rock oil. As fears of future deficit of petrol continue to be entertained by the superpowers, there has been an elbow grease to shift the focus from crude to another(prenominal) sources of energy such as solar, hydro electricity, safe nuclear power, bio oil among other alternative sources of energy.Despite the fact that crude is a very utilizeful source of energy, it is too a very chanceful, volatile and flammable liquid or gas that can rein carnage if mishandled. Based on its volatile and inflammable nature, there is every need to uphold a senior high school degree of safety measures so as to hold on explosion and fire disasters. The petroleum manufacturin g has a number of safety politys often set by the government that need to be observed. Any cheek that handles petroleum oil and gas can only be certified and allowed to operate aft(prenominal) self-colored the safety commands that are specified by the government.The difference of these safety regulations throughout all countries is minimal because after all the petroleum oil and gas is the same. The safety regulations govern every activity in the petroleum industry ranging from drilling, refining, transportation (either through road, ship, air, rail or pipeline), packaging (especially for gas) to safety at the premises in which approximately of the activities take place. This paper seeks to explain a number of wellness and safety precautions and regulations that need to be adhered to by every actor in the petroleum industry (Williamson, 1979).Taking US as our workings(a) example, we witness tight safety regulations governing the petroleum industry. These regulations are creat ed and enforced by the Occupational safeguard and health Administration (OSHA). OSHA is an agency in the US labor department which was created by congress on a lower floor the legislation of the Occupational Health and Safety Act (OSH Act) to set safety standards that will guarantee that workers do not suffer from any kind of work related deaths, injuries or even illnesses.The OSHA agency is aided, in the release of occupational health and safety standards, by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) whose main function is to conduct research into the areas that pose safety and heath threats to the worker in the petroleum industry. Unlike OSHA, NIOSH does not lie under the US department of labor. Some of these safety standards are explained in the following paragraphs (Joseph, 2006).The regulations governing occupational health and safety are industry specific those that apply to the petroleum industry are based on the fact that petroleum is flammable, inhalation of petroleum vapor is dangerous and harmful to health and for those who drill, painting to natural gas can trigger cancer and the natural gas is poisonous. The first regulation is base on the Permissible Exposure Limits ( pel). This is specifically important because exposure to petroleum vapor is harmful.However, it should be noted that the personal effects of the exposure depend on the concentration of the vapor and the descend of time virtuoso is in exposure. Inhalation of petroleum vapors can cause nervous effects such as dizziness, headache and even nausea. It can also cause respiratory irritation. Chronic exposure affects the blood, kidney and the nervous system. Very high exposure can lead to coma and death. Gasoline contains benzene which is a human carcinogen and thus the petroleum products that come to contact with the skin may be absorbed and finally may cause skin cancer and myeloid leukemia.Based on these health risks, OSHA released a PEL regulations that s pecifies the amount of petroleum vapor that petroleum industry workers (especially those working in petroleum refineries) are mantic to be exposed to. Benzene-containing gasoline necessitates an 8 hour 1ppm with a maximum of 5ppm short term exposure. The other hydrocarbons also have their specific exposure limits. The limits are not supposed to be exceeded to avoid health hazards (National Safety Council, 1990). OSHA Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) regulations in the petroleum industry require a number of custodial equipment.Some of this hold dearive equipment includes the use of goggles, face shields and safety glasses to protect the eye and the face from metal or wood flying objects, dangerous light or even chemicals. The Fall Protection regulation requires that those working in excavation sites such as petroleum drillers and those laying petroleum tankers and pipelines need to be protected against fall by use of guard rails, personal fall systems and safety nets that wil l protect the workers in an event that they fall.Foot & hand and arm protection is also encouraged through the use of metatarsal guards, special shoes with anti puncture soles and toe shields and gloves ranging from heavy metal to soft like gloves respectively. The head, respiratory and other parts of the body are also protected. Each part of the body requires specific protective equipment against a specific hazardous stimulus. Respirators are also part of the OSHA regulations (Olishifski, 1999).According to OSHA 1910134, the employers in the petroleum industry are supposed to provide respirators to the workers to protect them inhaling excessive petroleum vapor which is harmful to their health. This regulation calls for special kind of air purifying or air supplying respirators depending on the exposure situation. In this way, the worker is protected from vapor in excess of the OSHA PEL. Those working in enclosed premises processing, mining or handling petroleum should either be s upplies with respirators or ventilation of the premises should be well-kept at the OSHA regulations.All this is in a bid to maintain the concentration of petroleum vapor in air within the OSHA PEL brackets (Roughton, 2002) When handling the flammable or combustible liquids, OSHA proposes a number of guidelines that moldiness be adhered to stay fire and explosions. To avoid fire, there is need to save accumulation of petroleum in the air in such vapor-air mixture concentration that exceeds one quarter of the least flammable limit. This is achieved by encouraging ample ventilation to avoid this vapor accumulation.Explosions on the other hand are probable to occur due to pressure building in tanks holding the flammable or combustible liquid. For this reason, tanks are to be built of heat resistant steel, corrosion resistant steel or if built of any corporeal should be built based on sound engineering designs as per the principles governing the material used. The tanks should also b e vented to prevent any possible development of a vacuum or pressure which can lead to explosions (Penton/IPC, 1984)The handling of LPG requires that it be odorized so as to enable detect its charge in air to a concentration that exceeds one fifth of the lower flammable limit. The odor should be distinct and easy to detect. However, odorizing is not necessary if it proves harmful if the LPG shall be used for further processing. Odorizing is necessary to prevent fires incase of a leakage from cylinders and pressure tanks used to hold the gas (because LPG is highly volatile and flammable) because one is able to detect it early and thus take remedial measures.Regarding the cylinders that hold the LPG, one is not allowed to verbalize out any welding on the shell, head or any section of the pressure container. This is to prevent possibility of explosion of the container due to welding. Further, any fittings shutoff valves and any accessories fitted to the LPG pressure container should meet the 250 p. s. i. g pressure specifications. The shutoff valve should not be made of cast iron because of its less resistance to fire and heat. Incase of heat or fire, the valve is likely to expand or open leading to a leakage and hence fire or explosion.All these specifications are for safety purposes to avoid possible leakage from the pressure containers holding LPG. Areas with high temperatures require lower vapor pressure LPG in a high pressure container so as to prevent the opening up of safety valves as a result of the high temperatures. The OSHA regulations governing the petroleum industry are very diverse and go down to greater finer details. Despite all that the cornerstone line is the fact that these regulations were set to protect the workers and even the consumers of products originating from the petroleum industry.If these safety and health regulations are followed to the letter, it will lead to a high degree of safety in the petroleum industry. As said earlier, pe troleum is a very important component in the energy sector development but posses a great danger to health and property if no handled with care (Olishifski, 1999). Any organization under the petroleum industry needs to adhere to these rules to avert any possible disaster that can result if the regulations were not adhered to. However stiff the regulations may be, for safety purposes, they need to be followed.The OSHAs regulations have often been criticized by the petroleum industry players for lacking practicability. The department of labor under which the OSHA agency exists should set out modalities of working closely with the industrys stakeholders to encourage a health and safety culture among the key players in the industry. If the regulations seem to be expensive and the specifications too much specific, then OSHA has no alternative than to liaise with engineers and some other professionals so as to supply the equipment and services which are compliant with the safety and healt h specifications to the ministry players.

Demian

Demian In every piece of literature there is evermore a sense of imagination. Now, that imagination can cause a variety of different scenarios. al near whitethorn say that the main character could look one fashion, but then a nonher set of muckle can say that the main character looks entirely different. Thats also true with the meaning in virtually parts of the text. The only person who solidly knows the truth is the author, because the author obviously wrote the book. So it is up to our own imagination to determine what is, and what is not.This thought can also be applied to Demian by Hermann Hesse. Some say that Max Demian isnt a physical reality, but only a figment of Emil Sinclairs imagination, while others are stating that Max Demian is a physical reality. On the Oprah Winfrey Show, O, Oprah did a documentary with a daughter named Jani. Jani has a horrible case of Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia by definition is a mental disorder characterized by a breakdown of thought proce sses and by poor emotional responsiveness.Common symptoms include auditory illusions, paranoid or bizarre delusions or disorganized speech and thinking, and it is accompanied by a significant social or occupational dysfunction (Schizophrenia). Basically Jani was seeing various hallucinations since she was 5 (she is now 10). She would guard strait-laced hallucinations where they would be friendly, or bad hallucinations where they would want her to hurt her family members or rase herself. At first Jani didnt understand what was happening to her mentally, and she thought she was normal and that everyone could see her hallucinations, like 11 oclock who was a friendly cat.This is very relatable to Sinclairs life because Demian was a hallucination to Sinclair, Sinclair fitting didnt realize it. commencement off, Sinclair utter, For years I have been unable to distinguish between what I experienced in these trances and in real life. (Hesse 28*) That quote speaks for itself. Sincla ir was unable to acknowledge what happened in either his dreams or in real life. So there is a possibility that this whole novel could have been just a dream to Sinclair.However since that is most likely not the case, Sinclair still could have dreamt up Demian, and just combined his dreams with his reality in confusion. In addition, Sinclair later stated, Side by side with this I lived in a world of dreams, drives, and desires of a chthonic nature, across which my conscious self desperately built its fragile bridges, for the childhood world inside me was falling apart. (Hesse 41*) Again Sinclair is living a life entirely of dreams, which are confusing him so much to the point that he cannot distinguish the difference between reality and dream.Later on, Sinclair describes Demians face with these words, I sawing machine Demians face and I not only noticed that was not a boys face but a mans I also felt or saw that it was not entirely the face of a man either, but had something femi nine about it, too. (Hesse 43*) This is a perfect example of Carl Jungs explanation on peoples psyche. He said that peoples psyche is not necessarily gender locked. Imagine a line, on the left(p) side are the male gender roles, and on the right, female gender roles.Now in the middle is a perfect blend of the two, which can never happen according to Jung, however in the description of Demians face, it seems as though Demian is a perfect blend of the two gender roles, which isnt supposed to happen. technically Demian should not exist, because he is a perfect blend of the two gender roles, which also adds to the fact that Demians face could only be so perfect if he was an imagination or a hallucination to Sinclair. Similarly, Sinclair commented, I could hardly grasp it that no one besides me noticed himEveryone should have looked at him, everyone should have trembled But no one heeded him. He sat there like a statue, and, I thought, exalted as an idol A fly lighted on his forehead a nd scurried across his nose and lips not a muscle twitched. (Hesse 67**) Okay, I have a serious question to ask. How could one not move a muscle when a fly lands on their forehead and scurries across their nose and lips? That is most likely impossible for anyone to do, because most flies are very sensitive to everything, so if they see even the slightest of twitches they will fly away.And I know for a fact that anyone would twitch at the sight of a fly landing on their forehead. So if Demian was only a hallucination to Sinclair it is entirely possible for Demian to retain motionless whilst a fly is scurrying across his face. Furthermore, in David Finchers 1999 release of Fight golf-club Edward Nortons character is found to have been hallucinating Tyler Durden played by Brad Pitt. Now in the beginning Norton did not realize that Tyler was a hallucination, but after Tyler manipulated Nortons life, Norton began to realize that Tyler was really just a hallucination.Tyler was about t o blow up an entire city until he finally realized that Tyler was a part of himself. To stop Tyler from manipulating him, Nortons character shot himself in the face, and he watched as Tyler disappeared. Technically since Tyler is not a real physical macrocosm, and only a hallucination Tyler cannot die, however Norton believed that Tyler had died, so he saw Tyler die. This also applies to Sinclair and Demian. On the last page of the novel, Demian and Sinclair explained, Little Sinclair, listen I will have to go away.Perhaps youll need me again sometime, against Kromer or something. If you call me then I wont come crudely, on horseback or by train. Youll have to listen within yourself then you will notice that I am within you. Do you understand? And something else. Frau Eva said that if ever you were in a bad way I was to give you a kiss from her that she sends by me. . . . Close your eyes, Sinclair I closed my eyes in obedience. I felt a light kiss on my lips where there was always a diminutive fresh blood which never would go away. And then I fell asleep.Next morning someone woke me I had to have my wounds dressed. When I was finally wide awake I turned quickly to the mattress next to mine. On it lay a stranger Id never seen before. (Hesse 171**) This quote has the same effect as when Nortons character shot himself to kill Tyler, however this has not violence. Sinclairs subconscious mind knew that Sinclair was localize enough to not need Demian anymore. So after the kiss bestowed onto Sinclair from Demian, Sinclair no longer needed to comprehend Demian and that is why he disappeared the next morning.Demian was never a physical being he was only a part of Sinclairs subconscious mind, trying to help Sinclair. In conclusion, Demian is only a physical being to Sinclair, and to no one else. Sinclair needed Demian because there was something that his subconscious mind wanted Demian to help Sinclair get by his tough times. Demian did in fact help Sinclair a lo t and Sinclair got through his tough times with some bumps in the road but that is to be expected. Without the help of Demian, Sinclair could have gone mentally insane.That is why Emil Sinclairs subconscious conjured up Demian, so Sinclair could have an easier time transitioning from a child to an adult. Citations Hesse, Hermann. Demian. New York, NY Harper & course of study Publishers, 1989. 0-171. Print. Schofield, Jani. Personal Interview. 2009. Schizophrenia. . Fincher, David, dir. Fight Club. 1999. Film. 3 Jan 2013. . (*) 2nd published facsimile of Demian by Hermann Hesse (**) 1st published copy of Demian by Hermann Hesse

Economics Unit Portfolio Essay

1) In 1861 Abraham Lincoln introduced income value during the Civil War when he needed money to wear his army.2) That every consumer paid the same assess for the product no matter what their income is.3) I would agree with Benton McMillin. teaching is one considered a free institution. Using the education formation helps someone become smarter and that helps accumulate wealth. dispatch leave 2 Internet Taxation1) Because not collecting tax means the earnings retailer mass offer lower prices than other stores. It can kill their business with lower profit margins.2) Taxing internet retailers would discourage investment piece of work growth. The shipping costs for online transactions can cancel out all price advantage.3) I disagree that taxing the internet would discourage new technology investment and employment growth.4) Computer hardware is more expensive than books or clothing.Part 3 Economic Detective exercise1) With the decline in business in Centreville the tax base ordain drop. There will be smaller amount of businesses and people paying taxes.2) The operating budget would decrease because of the decline in businesses.1) amplification fines for texting while driving, drunk driving, tailgating,aggressive driving, public intoxication, toll violations and other crimes. Increase fines for all violators of health and base hit regulations in business, especially the food service industry. Lower the taxes can increase economic activity and provides incentives for taking risks in investments.2) Increasing fines for individuals or businesses.1) A. By using the capital funds from the other project to deprave the warehouse. B. The indoor mall would attract businesses to lease from the city in the mall.2) There will be more revenue from the sales and more jobs for people of the city.3) Tax deductions for energy savings. Corporate income tax credit. Sales tax exemption. Payroll tax deductions.Part 4 Summary questions1) Challenges to implement a fair tax systema. People agreeing on a fair tax system. It seems that most will not agree on every aspect of creating a fair tax system. b. Implementing a fair tax system would take power out of the hands of politicians. c. The poor would suffer more than the wealthy with a fair tax system.2) Sales tax.Each person is charged at the same rate on their purchases.The wealthy will pay more sales tax because they have more disposable income.

Men vs Women: Eating Habits

Kevin Walker prof Echelberger ENG 201 2 March 2010 Eating Habits Men versus Women Getting a hot repast in college is really diffuse. Most college students wealthy person a very short walk to their campus cafeteria. Entering the cafeteria, on that prove is generally an ordinate of meals to choose from. Researchers have been studying the feeding habits of college students for a while. Although the studies argon predominately due to the typical increase in weight of Americans over the past few centuries, the data has shown interesting results not pertaining to their research.A fascinating question has arisen to add to the ponderous question of how men and women differ. The question that I was looking to gain knowledge on was how do men and women vary in food cho scratchs? Central Michigan Universitys cafeteria Rfoc (Real Food on Campus) was the improve observatory for my research. The universitys campus hosts sixteen different repairs to get meals from. The assortment of cafe terias allows for tremendous convenience to the students who need to gather several meals into a jam packed day. Do these busy days force students to eat flying un profound snacks instead of a nutritious meal?Many researchers think the stress from school and a busy schedule force students to put nutrition on the back burner. Others have seen a heading in eat healthy or unhealthy between men and women. Considering all I have to do is walk down four flights of stairs to the Rfoc, I chose to adopt at this location. Walking into the cafeteria there were many vantage points to choose from. The main floor seating would be good since it would put me in the middle of the most eaters. Then I started thinking about how Id be looked at funny for staring at masses since I might lock eyes with someone.Next vantage point I looked at was the tables by the Mediterranean pasta post. Only problem with sitting there was that I would see mostly people eating the Mediterranean food which would ske w my observations. Finally I put the perfect lookout point. The draw a blank by the on the left side of the cafeteria seemed ideal since the high disallow stools would give me a birds eye view of the peoples plates without being looked at funny for creeping. From my brandmark I could see the salad bar, Mediterranean pasta station, international station, Mediterranean pizza station, American dinner station and the produce stand.The only stations I couldnt see were American dinner, southern kitchen and the dessert station. Since I could see majority of the stations and tables I decided Id stay in this location to observe. With the observing location picked out all I needed was to figure out what was the scoop out cartridge clip to observe. From my own personal experience throughout the school year I know when the most people tend to be down there. Breakfast usually gets a decent amount of people from approximately nine thirty till ten thirty when breakfast ends. However, since breakfast doesnt have a large variety of choices there wouldnt be much to compare.With breakfast no longer in the running, lunch and dinner were the only two possible times to go. Thinking back to the mind-boggling lines I have had to wait in at dinner time I decided dinner was the best time to observe. Dinner would have a wide range of food offered and to a greater extent people to observe allowing for better data. When I walked into the cafeteria, the cute girl working the reception desk swiped my card to subtract one meal from my plan. Like any other typical time eating in the Rfoc I walked up to the peril table showing all the possible meals for the day.Each meal consists of a main dish and possible sides. southern kitchen offered a marinated pork loin with mashed potatoes and carrots. American dinner was a hamburger offered with toppings like bacon, lettuce, tomatoes, and cheese in addition to fries. Mediterranean pizza had an array of cheese, pepperoni, and ham pizzas. Inte rnational served an orange chicken with rice and vegetables dish. fettuccini alfredo and marinara sauces were the possible toppings for the linguini noodles at the Mediterranean pasta station. Desserts consisted of fudge brownies, chocolate chip cookies and ice cream.The ice cream machine had chocolate and vanilla with toppings like reeses, chocolate chips, fudge, chocolate syrup, marshmallow cream and heath bars. Salad bar had the typical salad bar contents to choose from to make a personal salad with. Some of the available meals were healthy and some were very unhealthy. I quickly grabbed my plate of the chicken from the salad bar since on a feed and made my way to my post. Previous to going to the cafeteria I made a very detailed go past spreadsheet to sort my observations into.I am a neat freak so I wanted it to be easy to do and presentable. Although my bladder didnt want to I stayed in the cafeteria for a little over an hr recording what the visible guys and girls were eati ng. I recorded which meals the guys picked and which meals the girls went with. In addition, I took note of whether or not guys and girls grabbed reaping since unlike vegetables they are not included in the meals. Since drinks dont have nutritional repute I didnt record what each gender drank. Once I had all of my data I went back to my dorm and graphed the numbers into a bar graph.The graph showed men out ate women at Southern Kitchen, Mediterranean Pizza, American Dinner, International Station and the Dessert Station. Thus, women out ate men at the Salad Bar, Mediterranean Pasta, and Fruit. Based on the foods served at these stations, men tended to eat more meat, poultry, and grains than women. Vegetables and fruit were consumed by more women than men as predicted by Tinas study in The Indianapolis Star. Grains were split between the two genders since women consumed more pasta then men and men consumed more pizza than women.My data agrees with Judith Rodriguez when she said, Mal e college students are more likely to eat from the meat, poultry, fish, dry beans, and nut groups. Throughout my observations, I saw a flair in the eating habits of men and women. Nanci Hellmich was correct when saying, Eating habits of men and women in college are different. The cerebrate for the difference could be anything from males hoping the protein in the meats would help build bigger muscles to women eating vegetables and fruit because they are ghost with maintaining their figure (LeFebvre).However, my data does not supply sufficient information to justify the reasoning behind the genders tendencies of eating certain foods. Men and women have many similarities and differences, but when pertaining to eating habits they are very different. Works Cited Hellmich, Nanci. College eating habits are clogged with fat. USA Today. 10 Jan. 2002. Web. 11 Feb. 2010. . LeFebvre, Cathy. College eating habits analyzed by researchers, students. The Daily Orange. 23 Sept. 2002. Web. 11 Feb . 2010. . Rodriguez, Judith C. College Students. Faqs. org. Web. . Tina. Study Women Eat Healthier Than Men. The Indianapolis Star. 8 Apr. 2007. Web. 11 Feb. 2010. .

Motivation and Prentice Hall

Essentials of organizational Behavior, 10/e Stephen P. Robbins & Timothy A. Judge Chapter 5 Motivation Concepts Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. produce as scholar house 5-1 After studying this chapter, you should be able to 1. Describe the three key elements of need. 2. Identify 4 early theories of indigence and evaluate their applicability today. 3. Compare and contrast goal-setting theory and selfefficacy theory. 4. Demonstrate how organizational justness is a gloss of equity theory. 5. Apply the key tenets of expectancy theory to motivating employees. . Explain to what distributor point motivation theories are last bound. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as scholar manse 5-2 What Is Motivation? The processes that accounts for an individual(a)s intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a organizational goal ? Intensity the amount of effort cast off forth to meet the goal ? Direction efforts are channeled toward organizati onal goals ? Persistence how long the effort is retained Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as scholar sign of the zodiac 5-3 Early Theories of Motivation Maslows Hierarchy of take hypothesis McGregors surmise X and surmisal Y Herzbergs Two-Factor (Motivation-Hygiene) surmise McClellans Theory of demand (Three Needs Theory) Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as scholar Hall 5-4 Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Theory Self-Actualization Upper Esteem Social Safety Psychological 5-5 Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as scholar Hall Lower Douglas McGregors X & Y Theory X Theory Y organic dislike for work and will attempt to avoid it Must be coerced, controlled or threatened with penalty View work as being as natural as rest or manoeuvre will exercise self-direction and self-control if committed to objectives 5-6 Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Herzbergs Two-Factor Theory Not Dissatisfied Satisfie d Motivation Factors Quality of supervision Pay troupe policies Physical working conditions Relationships Job security Hygiene Factors Promotional opportunities Opportunities for personal growth Recognition state Achievement Dissatisfied Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Publishing as Prentice Hall Not Satisfied 5-7 McClellands Theory of Needs Need for Achievement (nAch) The drive to excel Need for Power (nPow) The need to make others pretend in a way they would non assume behaved otherwise Need for Affiliation (nAff) The desire for neighbourly and close interpersonal relationships Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 5-8 McClellands High Achievers High achievers select jobs with ? Personal responsibility ? Feedback ? Intermediate degree of risk (50/50) High achievers are not necessarily vertical managers High nPow and low nAff is related to managerial success Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 5-9 Contemporary Theories of Motivation Cognitive valuation Theory Goal-Setting Theory ? Management by Objectives Self-Efficacy Theory law Theory Expectancy Theory Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 5-10 Cognitive Evaluation Theory Proposes that the introduction of extrinsic rewards for work (pay) that was previously intrinsically rewarding tends to decrease overall motivation Verbal rewards increase intrinsic motivation, while tangible rewards undermine it Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 5-11 Goal-Setting Theory Goals increase mathematical process when the goals are ? Specific ? Difficult, but accepted by employees ? go with by feedback (especially selfgenerated feedback) Contingencies in goal-setting theory ? Goal Commitment public goals better ? Task Characteristics simple & old(prenominal) better ? National Culture Western culture suits best Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Publishing as Pren tice Hall 5-12 Management by Objectives (MBO) Converts overall organizational objectives into specialised objectives for work units and individuals Common ingredients ? ? ? ? Goal specificity perspicuous time period Performance feedback Participation in decision making 5-13 Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Self-Efficacy or Social Learning Theory Individuals belief that he or she is capable of performing a task Self-efficacy increased by ? Enactive mastery gain bring forth ? Vicarious modeling see someone else do the task ?Verbal persuasion someone convinces you that you have the skills ? Arousal get energized Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 5-14 Equity Theory Employees crusade what they put into a job situation (input) against what they get from it (outcome). They compare their input-outcome ratio with the input-outcome ratio of relevant others. My take My Input Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. P ublishing as Prentice Hall Your Output Your Input 5-15 Equity Theory and Reactions to Inequitable Pay Employee reactions in comparison to equitably-paid employees Employees arePaid by Piece Time Will provoke more Produce less output or output of poorer quality 5-16 Will produce Over-Rewarded fewer, but higherquality units Produce large Undernumber of low Rewarded quality units Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Equity Theory Forms of Justice Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 5-17 Expectancy Theory Three key relationships 1. Effort-Performance perceived probability that exerting effort leads to successful performance 2. Performance-Reward the belief that successful performance leads to desired outcome 3.Rewards-Personal Goals the attractiveness of organizational outcome (reward) to the individual Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 5-18 Global Implications Are motivation theories culture- bound? ? ? ? ? Most were developed for and by the United States Goal-setting and expectancy theories emphasise goal accomplishment and rational individual thought Maslows Hierarchy whitethorn change orderliness McClellands nAch presupposes acceptance of a moderate degree of risk concern for performance Equity theory closely tied to American pay practices Hertzbergs two-factor theory does seem to work across cultures 5-19 ? Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Implications for Managers Look beyond need theories Goal setting leads to higher productivity Organizational justice has support Expectancy theory is a powerful tool, but may not very realistic in some cases Goal-setting, organizational justice, and expectancy theories all provide practical suggestions for motivation Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 5-20 Keep in Mind Make goals specific and difficult Motivation can be increased by raising mployee confiden ce in their possess abilities (self-efficacy) decisions, especially when the outcome is likely to be viewed negatively 5-21 Openly share information on storage allocation Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Summary 1. Described the three key elements of motivation. 2. place four early theories of motivation and evaluated their applicability today. 3. Compared and contrasted goal-setting theory and self-efficacy theory. 4. Demonstrated how organizational justice is a refinement of equity theory. 5.Applied the key tenets of expectancy theory to motivating employees. 6. Explained to what degree motivation theories are culture bound. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 5-22 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the pu blisher. Printed in the United States of America. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 5-23